In this mini-review we outline the most recent developments in non-genomic steroid action and cytoplasmic steroid hormone receptor biology in endocrine-related cancers with a focus on the 3-keto steroid receptors, in particular the androgen receptor.

This is an aspect of steroid hormone receptor biology that could offer insights with regards the emerging risk of potent endocrine disrupting chemicals. This is particularly important when we consider that investigation of the endocrine disrupting potential of steroid ligands and their metabolites is currently primarily based on genomic reporter assays which likely do not provide the complete picture of steroid hormone receptor action.